Mona Lisa of Leonardo da Vinci

This oil on poplar, 77 x 53 cm, or 30 x 21 inches,  Ã‚   has taken the world by a perennial storm for one reason or the other, for centuries. It is one of the most famous paintings of the world. Its creation is the news for all time to come. When it was stolen, it again made headlines in the world press. So much scrutiny, parody, studies and mythologizing about this little painting, which is greatest of the great! That enigmatic expression, the smile that has no beginning or end, has always taken the world of art critics/lovers  Ã‚   to the flight of an amazing wonderland.Aesthetics qualities of Mona Lisa of Leonardo da Vinci:â€Å"Silence is the sweetest sound on Earth,† said Mr. Boris Pasternak, the famous Nobel Prize winning Russian author. The gaze of Mona Lisa is fixed on the viewer and it seems to welcome him with her typical silent style of communication. Silence is a divine quality and the immediate effect of viewing this painting is, as if it emits rays of divinit y. Leonardo used a pyramid design to make the woman simple and calm, in the space of painting. The light gives the variety of living surfaces an underlying geometry of sphere and circles. The images of seated Madonna were widely popular at that time, and Leonard has used the same method.He has admirably succeeded in creating the visual impression of distance between Mona Lisa and the observer. Her sitting angle indicates her reserved posture. The best part that seizes the attention of the viewer is her brightly lit face. Much darker elements there around, like hair, veil and the shadow, create a telling effect as regards the glow on her face. Every feature is divine; every artistic stroke makes you salute Mona Lisa. For a while, you even forget the creator of the painting, and you think that it has arrived straight from the celestial world!â€Å"The painting was one of the first portraits to depict the sitter before an imaginary landscape†¦ Behind her a vast landscape recedes to icy mountains. Winding paths and a distant bridge give only the slightest indications of human presence†¦ are echoed in the undulating imaginary valleys and rivers behind her. The blurred outlines, graceful figure, dramatic contrasts of light and dark, and overall feeling of calm are characteristic of Leonardo's style†¦ for it represents rather an ideal than a real woman. The sense of overall harmony achieved in the painting—especially apparent in the sitter's faint smile— reflects Leonardo's idea of the cosmic link connecting humanity and nature†¦.† (Mona Lisa†¦.)Regional qualities of Mona Lisa of Leonardo da Vinci:You observe that Mona Lisa has no visible facial hair at all. No eyebrows or eyelashes. This was done by Leonardo, as per the practice obtaining at that time as genteel women plucked their hair. â€Å"In 2004, the Italian scholar Giuseppe Pallanti published Monna Lisa, Mulier Ingenua (literally ‘†Mona Lisa: Real Wom an†, published in English under the title Mona Lisa Revealed: The True Identity of Leonardo's Model. The book gathered archival evidence in support of the traditional identification of the model as Lisa Gherardini. According to Pallanti, the evidence suggests that Leonardo's father was a friend of del Giocondo. â€Å"The portrait of Mona Lisa, done when Lisa Gherardini was aged about 24, was probably commissioned by Leonardo's father himself for his friends as he is known to have done on at least one other occasion† (Mona Lisa†¦)Regardless of the fact that the scenes depicted are relevant to the region to which Leonard belonged, the compositions are united by a magical mood of frozen time. The artist has captured in the painting what he himself has seen and experienced more deeply. No artist can create a masterpiece, if he thinks of the critics in advance-as to what the knower of the art might opine. To be an art critic is one thing; to be an artist is an entirely different matter. A critic writes with the pen using his mind. The artist writes with the strokes of his brush, inspired by the soul! Mona Lisa is the actual life and transformation of Leonard’s life. Therefore, it is believed that he carried the painting, along with him, wherever he went!â€Å"It is difficult to discuss such a work briefly because of the complex stylistic motifs which are part of it. In the essay â€Å"On the perfect beauty of a woman†, by the 16th-century writer Firenzuola, we learn that the slight opening of the lips at the corners of the mouth was considered in that period a sign of elegance† (Web Museum†¦) All world famous paintings and drawings remind the viewers of the traditional regional images of that time, along with which the artist was brought up and associated with. Such an influence can not be avoided, as all paintings tell everything about the painting and something about the artist who created it. Vibrant regions around him are bound to be reflected in his paintings.The regional qualities and influences can be seen in the avalanche of modern paintings.   The highlight of the paintings in the 1980s is confrontation between the power of the feminine and the power of the masculine. In the 1990s it has been mythological and religious themes related paintings, environment objects and land art. At the end of the 20th century, it was society’s processes of development. (LNMM-2007)References:Mona Lisa–  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Lisa – 107kWeb Museum, Paris, Leonardo da Vinci  LNMM: Exhibitions 2007—archives www.vmm.lv/fr/exhib_archive/2007/?PHPSESSID=cc35fafcecf9d2735cf267e5d2e91870 – 43k –

Sample Cover Letter

Sample Cover Letter #1 Your Name Address City, State ZIP Code Phone Date Name/Address of Person Receiving your letter Dear Person’s Name: I am very interested in the Fitness Director position opening at the Los Gatos Sports and Wellness facility. I have a strong educational background and several professional health and fitness experiences which I feel uniquely qualify me for this job opportunity. I am currently a certified personal trainer and am completing my degree in Exercise Science at the University of New Mexico. My education and professional background has provided me extensive organizational and managerial experience.For instance, in my internship at CitiWorld I helped to established the fitness class program, market it, and was closely involved in designing the assessment and prescription exercise system now utilized. My Bachelor’s Degree in Exercise Science is a comprehensive education in anatomy, kinesiology, management concepts in sport and fitness settings , worksite wellness, fitness assessment and prescription, stress testing, EKG, and athletic training. I have also taken courses related to fitness for special populations, such as the elderly.I enjoy working in the fitness industry and feel I am most capable of developing great rapport with the people I help. I am reliable and dependable and take great pride in my performance as a professional. I am committed to working hard and seeing the challenges I accept lead to successful outcomes. In addition, I am an energetic team player who works well with co-workers and colleagues. Thank you for providing this opportunity. I would enjoy being a part of your organizational team and look forward to speaking with you in the near future. Sincerely,

A Summary of the National Response Framework

â€Å"Response doctrine influences the way in which policy and plans are developed, forces are organized and trained, and equipment is procured. It promotes unity of purpose, guides professional judgment, and enables responders to best fulfill their responsibilities. (NFR, January 2008, Page 8 and 9) This summary draws upon multiple documents from one primary source, the Department of Homeland Security web site. Upon examination of these documents it became clear that as our country faced more frequent and destructive disasters, the more collaborative our preparation, response and recovery efforts had to become; and to coordinate that kind of multi-systems response our first responders and decision makers would need a framework from which to provide a powerful unified response. That document is the National Response Framework. Researching and summarizing this document is a crucial foundation to understanding 21st Century emergency management in the United States. A Summary of the National Response Framework â€Å"To prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies, the United States Government shall establish a single, comprehensive approach to domestic incident management. † — Homeland Security Presidential Directive – 5 (NPR Brochure, page 2) The National Response Framework (NRF) is a 90-page guide to how the United States conducts all-hazards response.As a student exploring the field of emergency management as a career possibility, it is clear that the National Response Framework is the essential first-step to having a better understanding of how incident response will be conducted now and in the future. Furthermore, it is the fundamental directive on how local, state and federal preparation, planning, mitigation and recove ry will be forged, as well. So if one wants to be effective in emergency management, one must first become knowledgeable of this framework.The National Response Framework is guided by the input of hundreds of stakeholders, written for government executives, private-sector and nongovernmental organization (NGO) leaders, and emergency management practitioners to establish a comprehensive national approach to domestic incident response. The NRF works because it sharpens the focus on who is involved with emergency management at the local, tribal, state and federal levels and with the private sector and NGOs; describes what we as a nation collectively do to respond to incidents; explains how we are organized to implement response actions; and emphasizes the importance of planning.It allows first responders, decision-makers and supporting entities to provide a unified national response to disasters and emergencies. (NFP- Fact Sheet, page 4) This document is a result of twenty years of federal planning documents. The NRF was preceded 15 years earlier by a Federal Response Plan (1992) that focused largely on federal roles and responsibilities only. (NFP, January 2008, page 2) However, after the 9/11 attacks, urgent efforts were made to understand and implement common incident management and response principles to develop common planning frameworks.President George W. Bush directed the development of the National Respon se Plan (NRP) in Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 5, in February 2003. It was published one year after creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the National Strategy for Homeland Security (Strategy). (NFP, January 2008, page 2 and 12) The NRP formed the basis for how the federal government would coordinate with state, local and tribal governments and the private sector during the response to a national incident.It was the cornerstone for the eventual maturation to the National Response Framework. The NRP brought together best practices from a range of disciplines including: homeland security, emergency management, law enforcement, firefighting, public works, public health and the private sector and integrated them into one unified structure. This unified structure provided the ability to coordinate federal support to state, local and tribal incident managers. (NFP, January 2008, page 12)President Bush’s Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 5 also ordered the development of the National Incident Management System (NIM S), which continues to bring together federal, state, local and tribal emergency responders into a single system for managing incidents. The NIMS enables responders at all levels to work together more effectively to manage domestic incidents no matter what the cause, size or complexity. (Homeland Security Under Secretary Kicks Off National Response Plan Workshops In D. C. April 15, 2005)The National Response Plan was then renamed the National Response Framework in 2008, to better align the document with its intent. Stakeholders suggested that the NRP did not constitute a true operational plan in the sense understood by emergency managers but rather a construct for coordinated national incident management. The new National Response Framework is based directly on the NRP and retains much of its content. (NFP, page2) As mentioned previously, many of these systems developed as a response to the 9/11 attacks.The NRF is actually a requirement of the larger overarching National Strategy for Homeland Security (Strategy) that serves to guide and coalesce our countrys security efforts to achieving the following four goals: Prevent and disrupt terrorist attacks. Protect the American people and our critical infrastructure and key resources. Respond to and recover from incidents that do occur. Continue to strengthen the foundation to ensure our long-term success. The NRF obviously addresses the third goal.

Global Market Research Case Study Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Market Research Analysis - Case Study Example The turnaround was masterminded by two employees who decided to work without pay and their efforts were rewarded when S/M Architects won the competition for the aquatics facility for the Canada games. Buoyed by the success of sports complex design and construction, Sperry Architects now wants to enter into new markets. According to (Keegan 2013) firms enter into new markets to increase profitability, stem inherent risks in the home market and therefore ensure long term business stability. With economists predicting a recession in 1989 and local competition heating up it is clear why Sperry Architects wants to enter into a new market. Entering a new market comes with substantial risk, challenges as well as opportunities (Moschis, 1994). Sperry/MacLennan Architects is seeking to enter a new market and must therefore conduct a thorough market research and analysis to increase its chances of success in the new market. In this case S/M Architects must pay close attention to the following. It is imperative that S/M defines the target market it intends to satisfy and the opportunities for growth. Entering a saturated market might not offer many new opportunities. It is also important to identify gaps in the market and weigh the current players in the market while paying close attention to their strengths and weaknesses. Beall (2010) notes that laws regarding business practice vary from province to province as well as country to country. Tax laws as well as well as amount of profits which can be repatriated back home are key issues which should be taken into consideration by S/M Architects before venturing into new markets. Understanding the market dynamics and consumer behavior of the target market is crucial to the success of any firm with intentions of expanding into a foreign market. Cultural beliefs shape the consumption patterns in new

Consumer protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Consumer protection - Essay Example f acts of parliament have been established to ensure the protection of the consumers and ensure that government agencies follow established standards. The English tort and the English contract law were the first established acts that were established to ensure the consumer protection in the country remain stable. A number of departments have also been established including the department of trade, industry, price, and consumer protection. The establishment of European community’s act of 1972 also enhanced the country’s effort to protect the consumers from illegal and exploitative business practices (Jay & Clarke, 2010). Despite the massive development in consumer protection law in the United Kingdom, the effort to protect consumers from poor processed products and exploitative business practices has met a number of challenges. In this paper, the challenges of the efforts adopted in the United Kingdom to protect the consumers will be discussed. The paper will also highlight the methods that are used by the consumer rights bills to overcome consumer protection challenges (Cartwright, 2008). The consumer rights bill was recently introduced to the United Kingdom parliament for deliberation, enhancement and possible adoption after passing through the House of Lords. This bill is believed to have the power to streamline the consumer protection efforts in the country and update retrogressive consumer protection laws. Based on the consumer rights bill, consumers have core rights, which must be respected by other businesses and legal entities in the country. These include the right to be paid and enjoy goods and services which meets the established standards. Consumers also have the right to fault the products and services they buy and to expect a refund or replacement in the event that the producer is at fault. The consumer rights bill is currently before the House of Lords in the country’s legislature and expected to be ratified and adopted by the country.

Should same sex couples be allowed to adopt Essay

Should same sex couples be allowed to adopt - Essay Example At the same time many same sex married couples are nowadays trying to adopt children since it is impossible for them to conceive without the help from the opposite gender. Adoption is the only way for such couples to have a child. But adoption by same sex couples has raised many ethical and legal issues in the current world. Critics of same sex couple adoption argue that such adoption will deny the child the much needed care and love from either a father or a mother. On the other hand, supporters of such adoption believe that it is injustice to deny the adoption rights to same sex couples because of their natural inability to conceive. This paper briefly analyses the arguments of both the supporters and opponents of same sex couple adoption. Belge (2010) has argued that The United States has many older children and those with special needs children waiting to be adopted. It is difficult fro such children to find an artificial father or mother through adoption (Belge, 2010). Instead o f leaving such children in darkness it is better to allow same sex couples to adopt such children. If such children allow growing in pathetic conditions their physical and mental growth might not be proper. On the other hand, if the same sex couples allowed adopting such children, both the children and the adopted parents would benefit from that. Scientific studies have shown that children who grow up in one or two-parent gay or lesbian households fare just as well emotionally and socially as children whose parents are heterosexual (Belge, 2010).

The 10 Key Operational Areas At dominoes Research Paper

The 10 Key Operational Areas At dominoes - Research Paper Example All their food and services are of quality by the fact that their employees are regularly trained to offer best services (Bized, 2010). Based of the findings, it should be noted that the senior managing director of Dominos pizza in Saudi Arabia was out of reach during the interview. However, I would like to acknowledge the assistance offered to us by the team members and some of the top managers of the company who allowed us to interview them. Finally, my warm gratitude’s is to you for allowing me to explore much by researching Dominos pizza company and familiarizing myself with exceptional business strategies the company used to grow. This has enhanced my research skills that will be much valuable in other future projects. Domino’s Pizza Company of Saudi Arabia was initially founded in the year 1960 as part of the international Domino pizza group (Bized, 2010). This company is also known to be the world leader in pizza deliveries and the company operates a network of company-owned and Franchise-owned stores in Saudi Arabia (Bized, 2010). In the larger Saudi Arabia, it is absolutely sure that Domino is the most trusted and widely know leading pizza delivery. This is because; the company main objective is to ensure they are perfectly dedicated to the best services, quality production and excellent deliveries (Bized, 2010). The company is flowing on a chain of success having being built by quality services which is customer centered and effective deliveries services they offer. Notable to mention is the fact that over 1000000 people globally enjoy Domino’s pizza on daily basis by the virtue that the company holds over 10000 stores in more than 60 countries on earth (Bized, 2010). This means that the company is well established and their brand is also perfectly recognized internationally. The driving power of Domino’s Pizza Company based in Saudi Arabia is the dedication and single minded focus towards producing the best

Benefits of Waiting to Go to College after High School Research Paper

Benefits of Waiting to Go to College after High School - Research Paper Example It has been observed that after completing high school education, a student may wait for some time before joining the college for undergraduate studies. This waiting has a number of advantages to the student and the responsible members of the family. Firstly, the college education is increasingly becoming expensive. The tuition fee and other expenses in these institutions are far much higher than the expenses in high school education. After struggling to finance the child’s education right from Kindergarten all the way to the high school, and given the harsh financial climate that currently rocks the globe, it may be cumbersome to have the child proceed to the  college education. If the student proceeds to college with the financial difficulties, then he or she will not receive the quality of education that is desirable. In such difficult situations, it may be asserted that one does not need to attain a college education to become mature or get a good job.The financial const raints will translate into psychological problems to the student who will not be able to concentrate on the studies. The student may not access some learning materials that are useful for the studies but are purchased on the individual basis. Taking some time before joining college then provides an individual with a humble time to have financial preparation for the college expenses. Organs like the US military service provide the high school graduate a good opportunity to work as they pursue the  college education.

Short placement ministry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Short placement ministry - Essay Example They come in to assist individuals using material support in case of a tragedy or a time of loss. They as well offer training to their staff members to ensure they remained professionally relevant and updated with the trending issues in the profession thus giving full support to their staff members. (Camphell, 2014, p. 130) Parents and family members who lose their beloved ones when receiving medical attention from the medical services provided by the chapel find both material and moral support. Such families and parents are offered financial support besides counseling and comfort. So as to achieve its missions and objectives of providing high quality healthcare services and access to spiritual, cultural and religious care, the chapel collaborates with the denominations and the local faith communities which communicate the members of the communities the services on offer (Kelly, 1896, p. 430). With that everybody in the society and community as a whole gains quick and reliable access to the services of the chapel anytime they need such services. Luton and Dunstable chapel also works hand in hand with various volunteers who come in to offer support through financial donations for the development of the various services. The volunteer teams also contain an individual who provide comfort and support to the visitors, patients and staff regardless of their religious backgrounds. The volunteer groups include bedside ministers who frequently provide their services especially ministry on Sundays besides other days, ward visitors who pay homage to and support the patients in the chapels hospital and chapel volunteers who make their visits to the wards mainly on Sundays and Saturdays to cross check on which patients would like to attend the spiritual services of the chapel. (Camphell, 2014, p. 149) The chapel volunteers also assist in the organization of the Sunday morning hospital’s services. They bring the hospital patients to attend services at

Following Military Orders That May Be Unethical Research Paper

Following Military Orders That May Be Unethical - Research Paper Example There are many legal and social standards through which an action is ethical, but these standards do not solve the contradiction that comes with the relativity in situations, individuals and societies. While soldiers pledge to obey their superior’s orders they do so in view of the uniform code of military justice and the constitution. As such, soldiers â€Å"should not† obey illegal commands. Establishing the legality or illegality of a command has over the years has raised controversial ethical issues. Under the UCMJ, articles 90 to 92 hold that willful or un-willful disobedience of lawful orders from a senior officer is a criminal offence (Mason, 2011). During war, article 90 further stipulates that such an action is punishable by death (Mason, 2011). Unlawful orders are those that are repugnant to the Constitution seeing as the constitution is the supreme law of the land. The constitution derives form societal ethics and religious doctrines. However, the constitution does not take into account all societal ethics and religious standings of a people (Mason, 2011). There are many examples of illegal or potentially unethical orders issued every day in the army and other military organizations. This paper examines two accounts of death orders. The first example is that of William Calley 1968 during the Vietnam War (Thomas, 2012). The then Second Lieutenant claimed to have received orders from his superior to open fire and subsequently kill civilians. He then passed these orders to his juniors who, like him opened fire on innocent, unarmed civilians in the absence of duress (enemy fire) (Thomas, 2012). In 1971, William received a life sentence with the charge of premeditated murder. The aftermath of the sentence aside, Lieutenant William was guilty of murder while following the orders of a superior (Thomas, 2012). With the rise of terrorism threats cases of inhumane, unconstitutional mistreatment of prisoners is on the rise. A second example is an i ncident that occurred in the year 2004 during America’s invasion of Iraq. The 343rd Quartermaster Company on 13th October refused to go on a mission as ordered by their superiors (Mason, 2011). The unit cited unsafe and insufficient equipment as their reason to disobey orders claiming that the order was a suicide mission. The consequences of their actions have negative far reaching effects on their careers. These consequences include detainment, dishonorable discharge and forfeit of pay (Mason, 2011). In 1986, the U.S army listed some values an organization should have considered to form the foundation on which ethics stems from. These values included integrity, loyalty, selflessness and duty (Mason, 2011). For the individual, the army listed courage, commitment, candor and competence. This proclamation spells out two things. The first is that the superior officer (representative of the organization) should give due consideration to ethical matters while giving orders. Second ly, the officer receiving the orders should follow them while maintaining an ethical approach. Military laws and courts hold military persons accountable if their actions are unlawful regardless of the situation (whether they were following orders from a superior or not) (Mason, 2011). There are various theories that one can apply to examine the above situations. These theories include utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics relativism, emotivism and ethical egoism. John Stuart Mill advanced Consequentialism, a

Natural monopoly Essay Example for Free

Natural monopoly Essay I believe that times change and as they, change rules and regulations must adapt to the times. Therefore, the treatment of the different industries must represent the different industries as they grow. I do not think the Telephone and Broadcast should never have or ever be considered a â€Å"Natural Monopoly†. The concept of natural monopoly presents a challenging public policy dilemma. On the one hand, a natural monopoly implies that efficiency in production would be better served if a single firm supplies the entire market. On the other hand, in the absence of any competition the monopoly holder will be tempted to exploit his natural monopoly power in order to maximize its profits. A natural monopoly is defined in economics as an industry where the fixed cost of the capital goods is so high that it is not profitable for a second firm to enter and compete. There is a natural reason for this industry being a monopoly, namely that the economies of scale require one, rather than several, firms. Small-scale ownership would be less efficient. Natural monopolies are typically utilities such as water, electricity, and natural gas. It would be very costly to build a second set of water and sewerage pipes in a city. Water and gas delivery service has a high fixed cost and a low variable cost. Electricity is now being deregulated, so the generators of electric power can now compete. But the infrastructure, the wires that carry the electricity, usually remain a natural monopoly, and the various companies send their electricity through the same grid. Cable as a Natural Monopoly Nearly every community in the United States allows only a single cable company to operate within its borders. Since the Boulder decision [4] in which the U. S. Supreme Court held that municipalities might be subject to antitrust liability for anticompetitive acts, most cable franchises have been nominally nonexclusive but in fact do operate to preclude all competitors. The legal rationale for municipal regulation is that cable uses city-owned streets and rights-of-way; the economic rationale is the assumption that cable is a natural monopoly. The theory of natural monopoly holds that because of structural conditions that exist in certain industries, competition between firms cannot endure; and whenever these conditions exist, it is inevitable that only one firm will survive. Thus, regulation is necessary to dilute the ill-effects of the monopoly. [5] Those who assert that cable television is a natural monopoly focus on its economies of scale; that is, its large fixed costs whose duplication by multiple companies would be inefficient and wasteful. Thus, competitive entry into the market should be proscribed because it is bound to be destructive. The Competitive Reality 1. A skeptic hearing exhortations that cable television is a natural monopoly that should be locally regulated could have some questions at this point. First, if cable is a natural monopoly, why do we need to guarantee it with a franchise? Economists Bruce Owen and Peter Greenhalgh argue persuasively that given economies of scale, if a cable company is responsive and efficient in its pricing and service quality then there will be little incentive for competitors to enter, and no need for an exclusionary franchise policy. [9] Thus, if entry restrictions are necessary to arrest competition, the industry by definition is not a natural monopoly. 2. Second, if cable is a natural monopoly, is it necessarily a local monopoly? Some observers use the terms interchangeably, but there is no evidence that economic laws respect municipal boundaries. Given large fixed costs, does it make sense to award a local franchise to one company when another already has facilities in an adjacent community? Yet such wasteful duplication, as the natural monopoly proponents would call it, occurs frequently under the franchise system. Local franchises make no sense in a true natural monopoly setting. 3. These questions, however, go to the heart of natural monopoly theory itself, a doctrine that is under increasing attack. [10] In the face of crumbling conventional wisdom in this area, the burden should be on the natural monopoly proponents to demonstrate that competition is not possible, and further, that regulation is necessary. Such a demonstration will prove impossible in the cable context. Cable is both extremely competitive, facing both direct and indirect market challenges, and, in any event, is better left unregulated. For many decades, economic textbooks have held up the telecommunications industry as the ideal model of natural monopoly. A natural monopoly is said to exist when a single firm is able to control most, if not all, output and prices in a given market due to the enormous entry barriers and economies of scale associated with the industry. More specifically, a market is said to be naturally monopolistic when one firm can serve consumers at lower costs than two or more firms (Spulber 1995: 31). For example, telephone service traditionally has required laying an extensive cable network, constructing numerous calls switching stations, and creating a variety of support services, before service could actually be initiated. Obviously, with such high entry costs, new firms can find it difficult to gain a toehold in the industry. Those problems are compounded by the fact that once a single firm overcomes the initial costs, their average cost of doing business drops rapidly relative to newcomers. The telephone monopoly, however, has been anything but natural. Overlooked in the textbooks is the extent to which federal and state governmental actions throughout this century helped build the ATT or Bell system monopoly. As Robert Crandall (1991: 41) noted, Despite the popular belief that the telephone network is a natural monopoly, the ATT monopoly survived until the 1980s not because of its naturalness but because of overt government policy. I hope that the above facts help support my beliefs that these industries should not be considered Natural Monopolies. These companies just executed and had better site than other in the same industry had. Today ATT is just as strong as it ever was. References Benjamin, S. M. , Lichtman, D. G. , Shelanski, H. , Weiser , P. (2006). FOUNDATIONS. In Telecommunications Law and Policy . (2nd ed. ). (pp. 437 469). Durham, NC : Carolina Academic Press. Foldvary, F. E. (1999). Natural Monopolies . The Progress Report. Retrieved January 9, 2012, from http://www. progress. org/fold74. htm Thierer , A. D. (1994). UNNATURAL MONOPOLY: CRITICAL MOMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BELL SYSTEM MONOPOLY . 14(2).

A Critique on the Blank Slate Essay Example for Free

A Critique on the Blank Slate Essay There are three doctrines which have attained sacred status in modern intellectual life. The Blank Slate, a loose translation of the medieval Latin term tabula rasa, scraped tablet, commonly attributed to John Locke which delves into the opposing of political status quos and social arrangements, stating mainly that the mind is like a sheet of white paper void of all characters and ideas, furnished with words through experience; it denounced the differences seen among races, including the institution of slavery as slaves could no longer be thought of as innately inferior, ethnic groups, sexes and individuals for the differences come not from the innate constitution but from the differences in the experiences. It is indeed fitting to think of the mind that way as the mind is like a blank sheet of paper filled only through experience. Yet it is safe to say that not only experience that can fill it but also preconceptions and expectations of the society. Another doctrine is The Noble Savage, commonly attributed to philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, inspired by the European colonists’ discovery of the indigenous in the New World; it stated the belief that savages were solitary, without ties of love or loyalty and without any industry or art. It also captures the belief that humans in their natural state are selfless, peaceable and untroubled and that negative emotions such as greed and jealousy are products of civilization, a concept which debased Thomas Hobbes’ belief that man is naturally cruel and requires a regular system of police to be resolved. Looking at it from a personal angle, I would say that I quite agree with Hobbes only on one aspect: man is naturally cruel; if he isn’t, then how is it that our history has been tainted with the blood of millions of people who have died because of a single man who could not rein his malice, i.e. Hitler. Even in our everyday life, we manage to impress upon other peopl e our evil nature, even if in a simple way. But that does not mean that we need to surrender our lives to leviathan control for I believe that we can change our nature, no matter how far back we may seem. As the last doctrine states, we are not merely machines with gears and springs, we are our minds and thus we have the ability to think and choose our own decisions. The last doctrine, attributed to Rene Descartes, is perhaps the most ingenious of all: The Ghost in the Machine. Our mind exists because we know how to think and the very act of doing so proves it. Our bodies’ existence however may be doubted for we may simply be immaterial spirits who merely daydream that we are incarnate. Add to that a moral bonus: the belief that the mind is a different kind of thing from the body. And what makes it truly intriguing is the fact that philosophers argue as to when the ghost enters the body, during the start of the fertilization when the sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell and creates the zygote or when it has become a fetus ready to be borne into the world. Certainly it is an argument comparable to the question, â€Å"Which came first, the chicken or the egg?† Philosophically answering the question would pertain to another question, â€Å"what is meant by ‘came first’?† as all philosophical questions go. These doctrines have so shaped the world that it has left fingerprints, from Walt Disney to the former president of the United States, George W. Bush. And even for a simple student like me who has recently come across the subject, I can say that I have already thought of such concepts even without reading it before, or at least I have thought about the idea of the Noble Savage and the Blank Slate. Yet as I read the concept of the Ghost in the Machine, I was very much in awe for I have never, in my whole sixteen years of existence, thought of such a thing. And what really appeals to me is the fact that Descartes claims that we are our minds and that our body may merely be an image we have formed as immaterial b eings. Even Buddha thought so, stating that â€Å"We are shaped by our thoughts; we become what we think†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I have long doubted the ideas of ghosts and reading of such a concept, especially in a subject such as this, makes me wonder how the philosopher conceived such an idea. Thinking of it gives me shivers as it implies that we are beings far greater than we imagined. And as good as it may sound, I think it appeals to man’s egotistic nature; we as humans who have done things, good and evil, try to look for a sound explanation to ease our consciences. I cannot say that the idea does not appeal to me yet I cannot also say that I do agree with it; on the other hand, of the three doctrines, I agree the most with the doctrine of The Noble Savage. I do believe that in our true nature, we are savages but that does not mean that we did not know how to control ourselves; indeed it would seem that the Native Americans, the specific race of people that the Europeans based the doctrine of The Noble Savage on, had a better society than we did: they were less barbaric, no employment problems and substance abuse, even crime was nearly nonexistent. And even if there were hard times, life was definitely stable and predictable. And yet that in itself was the reason why man chose to come out of his â€Å"savage† nature; he wanted adventure, twist and turns in his life; he wanted to feel the thrill of living. There is nothing wrong with that but for every choice there is a price to pay and the price we paid was high even if it remains to be seen whether it was worth it or not. However that is not enough reason to turn over our free will to an autonomous control; doing so would merely undermine the choices we have made for our civilization. Besides, our lives are meant to be lived fully and whatever choices we make, we must stand by it and see it to the end. Our mind, no matter how it started or whatever way it really is, is a tool for us to live our lives as we see fit. We must learn to harness our true potential to make sure that whatever choices we make would produce positive ripples that would be felt in the distant future to help the coming generations. As Plutarch said, â€Å"The mind is not a vessel to be filled but a fire to be kindled.†

Impressionism And The Work Of Debussy

Impressionism And The Work Of Debussy Debussy was a tonal trailblazer; a musical pioneer who revolutionised not only French music at a time when it was stagnating and receding from the world stage, but the entire Western musical tradition as well. Almost all subsequent styles which followed were either directly or indirectly affected by his originality, for example jazz, atonality and minimalism. After Debussys significant contribution to the repertoire nothing, to iterate a clichà ©, was ever the same again in musical terms. Nevertheless, it is precisely his striking innovation which has rendered Debussy so difficult to categorise. Musicologists encounter no trouble in labelling Mozart a Classical composer or Liszt a Romantic, yet how to catalogue Debussys oeuvres has presented critics with a conundrum for many decades; and is one, as yet, without a universally accepted solution. The most widely-utilised term in reference to the composers compositions is without doubt Impressionism, and is widely accepted by those who do not study music, and also by some who do, as a sole definition of his works. But can this label really encompass a compositional career that spans so many different styles and innovations? This essay will endeavour to answer this question, and to prove that Impressionism alone is not a fair assessment of Debussys music; that he is, despite there being characteristics from a number of aesthetic movements found in his works, almost impossible to classify. Debussys second envoi de Rome precipitated the first ever appearance of the tag Impressionism regarding his works. In a criticism of his orchestral and vocal piece Printemps (1887), the Secretary to the Acadà ©mie des Beaux-Arts opined: One has the feeling of musical colour exaggerated to the point where it causes the composer to forget the importance of precise construction and form. It is to be strongly hoped that he will guard against this vague impressionism, which is one of the most dangerous enemies of truth in works of art. This was a gross misunderstanding and misreading of Debussys intentions, and one which has stuck tenaciously and erroneously ever since. Before the reasons why this is such a misnomer is discussed, it must be acknowledged that it is possible to describe some of Debussys music as Impressionistic. Impressionism was first applied to painting as a label as a consequence of Claude Monets painting Impression, soleil levant (1872). Impressionism was a subsidiary of the wider notion of Realism. Stefan Jarocinski encapsulates the movement impeccably, explaining that Impressionists were concerned with seizing the image of a reality which had not yet been deformed by the intervention of the intelligence and wanted to create a pure impression; that is, unblemished by the sphere of intellect. The Impressionists, in short, were purveyors of sensuality. It must be understood that labelling Debussy in such terms is not entirely invalid. Although he was composing largely after the heyday of the Impressionist painters (the 1860s, 70s and 80s), some of his compositions (namely La mer [1903-05] and Images [1904-08]) do display qualities and tendencies associated with this movement. Debussy himself wrote to the editor of the La revue musicale, Emile Vuillermoz, in 1916, saying: You do me a great honour by calling me a pupil of Claude Monet. It is true to say that a number of the composers artistic principles correspond to those expressed or implied by the Impressionists. For instance, during a rehearsal for the premiere of La mer (1903-05), in answer to conductor Chevillard who had expressed confusion at Debussys specified tempo differing from that of the previous day, the composer replied: but I dont feel music the same way every day. On a wider level, this statement can be interpreted as being compatible with the common Impressionist pr actice of painting the same scene at different times of the day (for example, Monets Water Lilies or Haystacks). Several painters of the movement in question were inspired by similar stimuli as Debussy. A prime example of this is their admiration of Japanese artist Hokusai, whose celebrated woodblock print appeared on the cover page of La mer (1903-5), as stipulated by Debussy. Like the Impressionist painters, again, he made frequent use of water as an inspiration for his compositions. See below a juxtaposition of Sisleys Watermill at the Bridge of Moret in Winter (Ex. 1, 1893) and an extract from Debussys Reflets dans leau from the first volume of Images (Ex. 2, 1905). Note how the rising and falling semitone figure is an evocation of the ebbing and flowing movement of the water. Ex. 1 Ex. 2 In summary, Stefan Jarocinski, despite disagreeing with the application of the term in reference to Debussy, hails Impressionism as the supremacy of musical colour over form and design, an assertion that could certainly describe his musical convictions of other elements subservience to tone colour and the rejection of accepted traditional forms and harmonic principles. Even his biographer, Louis Laloy, claims that Debussys music is a purely auditory music, just as Impressionist painting is entirely visual. However, even Debussys so-called Impressionist pieces cannot be described as exclusively affiliated with this movement. For instance La mer (1903-05), although its depiction of the sea is obvious in its music as well as its title, cannot merely be interpreted as an entirely visual sensory experience, without connotation. As pianist Paul Roberts writes, the sea has often been used to represent themes of love and femininity. The time at which it was written was one of emotional upheaval for Debussy, as he left his wife Lilly Texier for another, Emma Bardac. Equipped with this knowledge, it seems that La mer occupied a deeper, psychologically cathartic purpose that lies beyond the intentions of the Impressionist painters. The Acadà ©mies comments on Debussys Printemps, and by extension, his other works, is an inaccurate, reactionary and narrow evaluation based on musical conservatism. The label, as argued by E. Robert Schmitz, has been detrimental to status of the composers works ever since. He laments that it has resulted in innumerable flawed and misguided performances with use of excessive pedal. His compositions are in fact anything but vague; they are precise and fastidious. In addition, conversely to the common misconception that his piano pieces are indistinct and laden with pedal use, he actually utilises the piano in a masterly way which shows a deep understanding of the instrument and its parameters. In contradiction to the common misconception as outlined by Schmitz, his music is often percussive rather than vague, for example the opening bars of La sà ©rà ©nade interrompue (Ex. 3, from Prà ©ludes, Book 1, 1909-10), which imitates a Spanish guitar, emphatically staccato. Further analyse s of his works reveal the use of Golden Sections, displaying a precision and mathematical element to his compositions that is quite extraordinary. Ex. 3 It must also be noted that Debussy himself rejected the unfortunate label assigned to him, as expressed in a letter to his publishers in 1908: I am trying to do something different in a way, realities what the imbeciles call impressionism, a term which is as poorly used as possible, particularly by art critics. Regarding this, it could be interpreted that the composer disagreed with the label itself rather than the aesthetic, as reality is precisely what the Impressionists hoped to convey. However, one must concede that if the composer wasnt himself happy with the term, and if his music rarely displays qualities which are characteristic of the movement, then it is accurate to say that defining Debussy as an Impressionist is not a valid categorisation. Almost as commonly circulated a term in reference to Debussy is Symbolism. This is a much fairer assessment of his music. The movement, which has its origins in the writings of Charles Baudelaire, grew quickly in Paris during the latter half of the nineteenth century. In brief, Symbolism was a reaction against Realism, and can be seen as almost the antithesis of Impressionism. Its followers were concerned with externalising, through the means of art, the internal, and often infernal, world of the mind, dreams and the supernatural. There is unimpeachable evidence to align Claude Debussy with Symbolism. To begin with, it was a movement rooted in literary origins. Debussy, despite being largely uneducated in any discipline but music, was well-read and had a passion for literature that permeated through to his compositions. His strongest influences were words and writers rather than the visual arts (although Symbolism wasnt exclusively a literary movement; it existed in art too). Debussy gravitated towards Symbolist beliefs, and forged close friendships with notable figures associated with the movement, such as Paul Bourget and Stà ¨phane Mallarmà ©, whose literary salon he was a regular attendee of. Much of his music was overtly Symbolist in character. Prà ©lude à   laprà ¨s-midi dun faune (1892-94), the orchestral tone poem that took his recognition to a new level entirely, is based on a poem by Mallarmà ©. Its whimsical flute opening (Ex. 4) is tonally and rhythmically ambiguous, portraying the indistinct dreams of the eponymous faun; a central theme in Symbolist philosophy. Ex. 4 There is plenty of non-musical evidence to support Debussys affiliation with the Symbolist movement. In 1901 he began to write for a Symbolist periodical, La Revue blanche, and his Chansons de Bilitis (1897-8), as well as their words being written by Debussys close friend and Symbolist Pierre Louà ¿s, was published by Librairie de lart indà ©pendant, a Symbolist publisher. Mediaevalism, or to be more accurate, pseudo-Mediaevalism, a core Symbolist credence, is prevalent in many works. The imitation of monastic organum music (Ex. 5) in the opening bars of La cathà ©drale engloutie (From Prà ©ludes, Book 1, 1909-10) is a prime example, as is the fact that Pellà ©as et Mà ©lisande (1893-5), is set in Allemonde (literally Other World), an imagined Mediaeval setting. Ex. 5 Pellà ©as et Mà ©lisande (1893-5), Debussys only opera, based on a play by writer Maurice Maeterlinck, heralds the zenith of his association with the Symbolist movement. It makes frequent use of symbolism (for example hair to depict eroticism; light and shade to provide conceptual symbols of doomed love). Parallels can be drawn with Wagner, whom Symbolists admired ardently, and who influenced Debussy greatly in the earlier years of his compositional career. Both Wagners Tristan and Isolde (1875-9) and Pellà ©as are tragedies, use leitmotivs and have common themes of love and death. Debussy was as enthusiastic a supporter of his predecessor as any Symbolist, having visited Bayreuth in 1888 and 1889. However, his Wagnerism and Symbolism waned soon after the first performance of Pellà ©as. Furthermore, in 1893 he declared his intention to write an article entitled The Futility of Wagnerism which, although it never materialised, suggests a marked shift in his values. This is why it i s as invalid to describe Debussys music exclusively in terms of Symbolism as it is Impressionism. Both labels represent only a fraction of his artistic output and fail to acknowledge that between Pellà ©as and La mer, a change occurred in his music that was reliant on neither poets nor artists, which could suggest that his own unique voice was finally established after years of musical exploration. In 1889 Debussy had an experience which was to significantly alter the nature of his compositions. During a visit to the Universal Exposition he encountered the sound of the Javanese gamelan for the first time. The pentatonic tonality he heard was to be incorporated into some of his most celebrated compositions, for instance in Pagodes from the piano triptych Estampes (1903), whose blue and gold cover evoking Japan, as well as music exemplifies the Exoticism that the composer incorporated into so many of his pieces. Debussys love of Spain filters through in the second movement, Soirà ©e dans Grenade, in which a habanera rhythm underpins the piece (Ex. 6). As well as Exoticism, it can be interpreted that Debussys music contains elements of the Pre-Raphaelite movement (La damoiselle à ©lue, 1887-8, the text of which was written by Dante Gabriel Rossetti) and even the Romantics (there are sometimes common themes between their beliefs and ideas expressed in Debussys compositions, for e xample escaping by means of travel and antiquity). Ex. 6 Debussy himself christened all labels useful terms of abuse, recognising the arbitrary nature of inflicting any sort of category upon his works. As Paul Dukas wrote in 1901: his music is unclassifiable. Debussy was a radical who defies classification because he is so different to his predecessors and encompasses so many different styles and movements, which is why musicologist encounter such difficultly in trying to pigeonhole him. Beethoven is often described as being both Classical and Romantic. Debussy was also a giant amongst composers in this sense, constructing a bridge between tradition and modernity and liberating harmonic convention. He instigated a musical transition; pre-empted the future. His legacy is far too great to describe in such narrow a term as Impressionism.

A Comparison of Two Characters in A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Comparison of Two Characters in A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning    In "A Rose for Emily" and "Barn Burning," William Faulkner creates two characters worthy of comparison. Emily Grierson, a recluse from Jefferson, Mississippi, is an important figure in the town, despite spending most of her life in seclusion. On the contrary, Abner Snopes is a loud, fiery-tempered man that most people tend to avoid. If these characters are judged by reputation and outward appearance only, the conclusion would be that Emily Grierson and Abner Snopes are complete opposites. However, despite the external differences, these two characters have surprisingly similar personalities. First of all, Emily Grierson and Abner Snopes have very different backgrounds. Emily Grierson is born to a wealthy family, referred to as the "high and mighty Griersons" (50). She lives in an elegant and large house, rebuilt after the Civil War. Her house is set in the heart of what was once the most elite area of Jefferson. She spends almost all of her life inside this house, coming outside its walls only on rare occasions. Yet the townspeople are always concerned with Miss Emily, as she is the last Grierson. They are interested in what is going on with her, constantly putting together the pieces of her life. However, no matter how much the people piece together the events, few know Miss Emily at all. Upon her death, she is said to be a "fallen monument" (47) because she was so idolized throughout her life. On the contrary, Abner Snopes is at the other end of the social scale. He is in the lowest class. As a tenant farmer, Abner lives a life almost like that of a slave. He works con tinuously from day to day, living with his family in small shacks that "ain't fitten for hawgs"(7). He is itinerant and never has any money. Abner constantly displays his lack of decency and rude manners. He is considered a menace wherever he goes, and no one has any interest in getting to know such a foul and arrogant man. Even though they are at the extreme ends of the social spectrum, Emily Grierson and Abner Snopes have something in common-they are both outsiders in the communities they live in. Colonel Grierson limits the people Miss Emily is allowed to see and to the point that she has no friends or even acquaintances. A Comparison of Two Characters in A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning :: comparison compare contrast essays A Comparison of Two Characters in A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning    In "A Rose for Emily" and "Barn Burning," William Faulkner creates two characters worthy of comparison. Emily Grierson, a recluse from Jefferson, Mississippi, is an important figure in the town, despite spending most of her life in seclusion. On the contrary, Abner Snopes is a loud, fiery-tempered man that most people tend to avoid. If these characters are judged by reputation and outward appearance only, the conclusion would be that Emily Grierson and Abner Snopes are complete opposites. However, despite the external differences, these two characters have surprisingly similar personalities. First of all, Emily Grierson and Abner Snopes have very different backgrounds. Emily Grierson is born to a wealthy family, referred to as the "high and mighty Griersons" (50). She lives in an elegant and large house, rebuilt after the Civil War. Her house is set in the heart of what was once the most elite area of Jefferson. She spends almost all of her life inside this house, coming outside its walls only on rare occasions. Yet the townspeople are always concerned with Miss Emily, as she is the last Grierson. They are interested in what is going on with her, constantly putting together the pieces of her life. However, no matter how much the people piece together the events, few know Miss Emily at all. Upon her death, she is said to be a "fallen monument" (47) because she was so idolized throughout her life. On the contrary, Abner Snopes is at the other end of the social scale. He is in the lowest class. As a tenant farmer, Abner lives a life almost like that of a slave. He works con tinuously from day to day, living with his family in small shacks that "ain't fitten for hawgs"(7). He is itinerant and never has any money. Abner constantly displays his lack of decency and rude manners. He is considered a menace wherever he goes, and no one has any interest in getting to know such a foul and arrogant man. Even though they are at the extreme ends of the social spectrum, Emily Grierson and Abner Snopes have something in common-they are both outsiders in the communities they live in. Colonel Grierson limits the people Miss Emily is allowed to see and to the point that she has no friends or even acquaintances.

Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Essay -- The Lottery Essays

â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson has been criticized, but its longevity and durability prove it stands the test of time. In the article, â€Å"Jackson’s The Lottery,† the author A.R. Coulthard finds a deeper meaning in the story which other critics have not. Coulthard believes the story is a â€Å"parable of the evil inherent in human nature† rather than â€Å"an assault on mindless cultural conformity,† as other critics have suggested (Coulthard 226). Coulthard shows how something that most likely began as a primitive and ignorant way to ensure prosperity, evolved into a complete need for sanctioned violence and murder. Coulthard offers valid points to support her argument. Coulthard finds that the actions and demeanor of the villagers are evidence of an underlying enjoyment in the killing. Her analysis shows that the villagers mask their anticipation for the killing under false and thinly veiled social gestures. Coulthard points out the contrast between Mrs. Delacroix and Tessie Hutchinson’s social friendship and how quickly the shallow friendship unravels when Tessie is chosen for the sacrifice. Mrs. Delacroix â€Å"selected a stone so large she had to pick it up with both hands,† which is in stark contrast to how a true friend would behave (Jackson 393). Participation in the lottery causes the villagers to lose the ability to be empathetic and their bonds of family and friendship suffer for it. The lottery encourages them to abandon ties of love and loyalty and tap into the deepest recesses of the darkness that hides in humanity. The lottery does not offer them prosperity, but strips them of all that is good in humanity. The villagers are masked behind the evil that awaits them each year on a sunny day in June. The other 364 da... ...kill too much to mourn inconsequential losses like love, friendship and the bonds of family, community, and humanity. Works Cited Coulthard, A.R. "Jackson's THE LOTTERY." Explicator 48.3 (1990): 226. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. Jackson, Shirley. â€Å"The Lottery† The Story and Its Writer: An Introduction to Short Fiction. 8th ed. Compact. Ann Charters. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. 387-393. Print. Jackson, Shirley. "The Morning of June 28, 1948, and â€Å"The Lottery† "The Story and Its Writer: An Introduction to Short Fiction. 8th ed. Compact. Ann Charters. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. 950-952. Print.

Erythema Migrans Essay -- Health, Diseases, Ticks

Erythema migrans (EM) is a red, slowly expanding rash which is associated with the bite of ticks. European physicians observed EM in patients in the early 20th century and theorized that it was caused by a tick-borne bacterium. Later the in the 1970’s a physican observed a clusters of child with arthritis in and around Lyme, Conneticut. After further investigation it was discovered that the arthritis occurred subsequent to the presence of tick bites followed through with EM rash lesions. It was not until 1984 when conclusive evidence showed that the bacterium spirochete Berrelia burgdorferi caused Lyme disease. In 2002 Lyme disease caused more than 23, 000 infections in the United States (1) . Lyme disease is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium spirochete B. burgdorferi that transmitts the bacterium to humans through the bites of western black-legged deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis). This tick is much smaller than a dog or cattle tick and feed by inserting their mouths into the skin of a host and slowly receive their vital fluid (1). Early localized Lyme disease occurs 3-30 days after the tick bites. Symptoms include EM, mild muslce aches, fever, headache, and lymphadenopathy. Early disseminated disease occurs 1-4 months subsequent to the tick bite. Symptoms include cranial-nerve facial palsy, meningitis, radiculopathy, and heart block. In the late platform of the disease which begins 3-4 months after the tick bite. Symptoms include arthirits in big joints, rigid headache, encephalitis and cognitive disorders. Early localized Lyme disease is treated with doxycycline or amoxicillin for 14-21 days. Early disseminated and late Lyme disorder are treated for 14- 28 days with either oral or parental therapy (ceft... ...ible through seasonal feeding activity of nymphal I. scapularis and the increase of outdoor activities tribe engage in during these months (4). In 2002 there were a total of 23,763 reported cases of Lyme disease, more than any previous year (2). Similar to previous years, the highest incidence rates occurred in northeastern, mid-Atlanatic and north central states. The largest proportion of cases were reported among ages 5-14 years and 50-59 years. Factors influences this grow in reported cases include a growing deer population, increased residential development of wodded areas, tick dispersal to new areas, improved disorder remembrance in areas where Lyme disease is endemic, and enhanced reporting (2). The NETSS system is weighty because it helps determinine who is at risk and where the highest incidence rates are that need targeted preventative measures.

Objectification of Women on Tv and in Movies

Why is it that in TV shows and in so many movies that women are almost always objectified in one way or another? There are so many television shows and movies out there that undermine women in so many different ways. Darren in â€Å"Bewitched† is also trying to suppress Samantha’s magic to make her the perfect house wife and she doesn’t try to stop him. In fact, she does everything she can to follow his every wish just so he’ll be happy. In â€Å"The Client List†, Riley is portrayed as a sex object. It gives the impression that the only thing women can do is sell their body for sex.Then there is Mary Jane from â€Å"Spiderman† who always needs rescued by Spiderman, giving the impression that women are helpless and always need a man around to save the day. Let’s not forget â€Å"The Scorpion King† where king Memnon uses his Sorceress for his own personal agenda. Will watching movies and shows such as these affect how girls see th emselves? The Scorpion King is a primary example to the objectification of women in movies. The main female character, the sorceress, has been used her entire life by King Memnon.He’s kept her prisoner since she was a child to use her visions to give him the upper hand in battle. He forces her to have a vision every day and then tell him if he is going to win or lose his next battle so that he can pick his battles and be more successful in his goal to rule everything. At one point in the movie, Memnon basically tells the Sorcerer that when he’s done using her for her visions he’s going to start using her for his own sexual pleasure. The Sorcerer is more than happy to be taken hostage by Matheyus.She later tells him that she only went with him so willingly because Memnon kept her prisoner since she was a child. She was being used her entire life by a man that just wanted to be feared by everyone and rule everything. It portrays society’s typical stereotype of women. Do everything the man wants and please him in any way you can without a single complaint. The Sorcerer makes it obvious that she’d much rather stay with Matheyus, the man who threatens to kill her, than go back to Memnon, the man who has been using her for so long.This is because in the short time that she’s been with Matheyus, she has already been treated better that she has been her entire life. Memnon has continuously used the Sorceress to give himself an advantage in battle. This is an example of the typical male figure objectifying a woman and using her to get what he wants. He treats her like she’s nothing more than a piece of his property. According to Gloria Steinem, â€Å"A female child is left to believe that, even when her body is as big as her spirit, she will still be helping with minor tasks, appreciating the accomplishments of others, and waiting to be rescued† (356).This quote helps to explain the Sorcerers want to escape but al so her challenge in the fact that she has to have someone’s help to escape Memnon. And no surprise, it has to be a man’s help because she wouldn’t have been able to escape on her own. The Sorcerer also feels the need to escape after Memnon informs her of his plan to use her for his own sexual pleasure when he’s done using her for her visions. According to Christine Seifert, â€Å"Digging into Edward’s mind reinforces the old stereotype that underneath it all, even the best guys are calculating vampires, figuring out how to act on their masculine urges† (346-7).This quote helps to explain Memnon’s fights to take advantage of the Sorcerer because according to a myth spread by the Sorcerer’s ancestors, the first time any sorceress has sex she will lose her gift of foresight. So if he wants to keep his advantage in battle, he has to fight his natural male urges. Watching movies and shows such as these can’t be having a posit ive effect on younger girls. They use female roles that they see on TV and in movies as role models just as much as they use the women around them as role models.So what are they suppose to think when they see things like that? How are they going to act if they use women like that as a role model? Are they going to know that that’s just pretend and women aren’t really like that? Or are they going to think that they need to do everything a man wishes without a single complaint just to keep them happy, whether they like it or not? Are they going to think that they have to wait for the perfect man to rescue them when things become bad in a relasionship?It’s questions like these that we don’t have the answers to that we should worry most about. What are girls learning from TV? Works Cited Seifert, Christine. â€Å"Bite Me! (Or Don’t! ): Twilight as Abstinence Porn. † Shrodes, Caroline. et. al. The Conscious Reader. Custom. New York. Pearson. 201 1. 343-349. Print. Shrodes, Caroline et. al. The Conscious Reader. Custom. New York: Pearson, 2012. Print. Steinem, Gloria. â€Å"Wonder Woman. † Shrodes, Caroline. et. al. The Conscious Reader. Custom. New York. Pearson. 2011. 354-363. Print. The Scorpion King. Dir. Chuck Russell. 2002. Film.

Assessment and Office Equipment Essay

Unit goal and aim This unit of measurement is ab forth employ a variety of distinct short letter equipment by-line producers and organisational guidelines. education Outcomes Assessment Criteria The pupil will The Learner can 1. experience about contrasting types of office equipment and its offices 1. 1 Identify assorted types of equipment and their purposes 1. 2 Describe the different features of different types of office equipment 1. 3 Explain wherefore different types of equipment are chosen for parturiencys 2. generalise the mark of following book of instructions and wellness and safety procedures ExemplificationLearning aftermaths 1 to 6 mustiness be assessed use up methods appropriate to the assessment of knowledge and understanding. A holistic approach to assessment should be adoptive so that one spot of licence pass overs more than one culture outcome and several assessment criteria. 2. 1 Explain the pop the question of following manufacturing busi nesss instructions when victimisation equipment 2. 2 Explain the purpose of following organisational instructions when using equipment 2. 3 Identify wellness and safety procedures for using different types of equipment 2. 4 Explain the purpose of following health and safety.Procedures when using equipment 2. 5 Explain the purpose of OCR 2010 1 keeping equipment clean and strong 3. record how to use equipment in a way that minimises shove on 3. 1 gift examples of waste when using equipment 3. 2 order examples of ways to reduce waste 3. 3 Explain the purpose of minimising waste 4. Know about the different types of problems that whitethorn snuff it when using equipment and how to deal with them 4. 1 indue examples of equipment problems 4. 2 Explain the purpose of following producers instructions and organisational procedures when traffic withproblems 4. 3 Give examples of how to deal with problems 5. Understand the purpose of meeting hunt down standards and deadlines 5. 1 Explain the purpose of meeting fit standards and deadlines when using equipment 6. Understand the purpose of leaving equipment and the work area vigorous for the adjoining user 6. 1 Explain the purpose of leaving equipment and the work area pay back for the next user 7. Be capable to use office equipment 7. 1 site and select equipment needed for a task 7. 2 Use equipment following manufacturers and organisational guidelines Assessment should be planned.To tap the opportunities for the candidate to demonstrate their ability to use office equipment. 7. 3 Use equipment minimising waste 7. 4 Keep equipment clean and hale 7. 5 Deal with equipment problems following manufacturers and organisational procedures 7. 6 boot problems, if indispensable 7. 7 Make sure closing work product meets concord requirements 7. 8 Make sure that product is delivered to agreed timescale 7. 9 Make sure equipment, 2 OCR 2010 resources and work area are ready for the next user Assessment This unit is centre assessed and externally verified.A holistic approach to assessment should be adopted so that one piece of evidence covers more than one learning outcome and several assessment criteria and where appropriate, provides evidence crosswise several units. Your assessor will use a blow of assessment methods which may accommodate ? observation of performance in the work environs ? examination of work products ? questioning the learner ? discussing with the learner ? use of others (witness testimony) ? looking at learner statements ? recognising previous learning Evidence requirementsA range of evidence should be gathered to cover the Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria. Examples may include ? Job requests/briefs from colleagues ? Copies of work produced using equipment ? Fault/problem logs indicating your response ? Records of readying in use of equipment ? Minutes of group/1 to 1 meetings, relating to use of equipment ? Annotated copies of relevant sections in user m anuals.The candidate must demonstrate their ability to use a range of office equipment including a computer, printer, and photocopier along with other equipment necessary to carry out their job eg telephone, franking machine,fax machine, data projector, shredder, laminator, binder, paper folder. counsellor on assessment and evidence requirements Refer to sections on Assessment and Evidence requirements above. theme Occupational Standards (NOS) mapping/signposting This unit is base on the NOS BAA231 Use office equipment. in operation(p) skills signposting This section indicates where candidates may have an fortune to develop their functional skills. OCR 2010 3 get in touch to functional skills standards http//www. qcda. gov. uk/15565.aspx Functional Skills Standards English math ICT Speaking and Listening ? Representing ? Use ICT systems ? rendition ? Analysing ? Find and select education ? typography ? Interpreting ? Develop, present and communicate knowledge ? Resources Access to a working environment with associated equipment and resources Additional information For further information regarding administration for this qualification, please refer to the OCR memorandum Admin Guide Vocational Qualifications (A850) on the OCR website www. ocr. org. uk.

Bellboy Case

It is natural to primary overhear general understanding of the Terms bell male child. This address is gener totallyy associated with a person whose task is to agree errands and nearly eras help guests with baggage in hotels. The bellman often connected with motion what happened to the vaulting horse, is a prohibitedcome that has been engagementd by scholars to explain and make their ideas to a greater extent sellable and attractive to their ratifiers and scholars in their scopes of deliberate.Three men of Italian decent also referred to as farmers by concern are s care to contain visited a extraneous country and in the process the need to obtain boarding facilities arose.It was in that steering that these leash gentlemen undercoat themselves in a hotel w hither(predicate) they wanted to hire dor cosmoscy rooms. After a $30 agreement for the three men they agree amongst themselves that each should bem use of goodishs and services $10. And so they did. Later the hotelier decides to charge twenty fin dollars. It is here that we here the bellboy menti wholenessd first as the invoice continues. The returns arise when the hotelier decides to refund post the excess 5 dollars choke off to the three gentlemen. non knowing how to divide five dollars among three men he decides to keep cardinal dollars for himself and give each-gentle man a dollar as a refund.This is where by and by reading the story one nonices the trick. champion, aft(prenominal) careful compendium of the story notices that a dollar will end-up be un-accounted for-thus posing the question of what happened to the dollar? The survey as presented is earnest since it submits lecturers with deep explanations of the fields possible action populated with daily elusions. The scale study here presents interrogation mart placeing, the process of it and also explains the problem in its expository chapters. The general research add form is well reviewed, an opposite p lus for the use of the intentional data disposition forms and methodologies.The authors employ Data collection and exemplary designs in their conclusion of the geek-study besides conducting a clear interpretation of facts and analysis. Churchill and reach chose to concentrate abstractly on objective support systems and teaching trading operations and more specifically to helping information seekers accredit a task easily, put it in rank and ask for the imprint of those empowered to make judgments. The rightness of the Bell boy circumstance sack upnot be overemphasized in the way it is employ by the authors as a central influence flush on the name and mainly all over the hold ups.Seemingly intended for grounding the foundations of market research, the bellman shield-study encourages readers to think creatively beyond the scope. Maybe the greatest achievement by twain Churchill Gilbert and Dawn Lacobucci lies in the simplicity of the miscue-study. creation a wid ely comprehended story, its understandability goes unquestioned. With not bad(predicate) understanding, the interpretation follows with ease. On the same agate line the authors provide readers with a wide variety of professionalism which is exemplified using the bellhop field of study-study.In the authors view, this is the best case scenario to give a reader a full lore of the subjects under discussion. Through the use of a exceedingly comprehensible case-study, the authors take readers through nearly all stages of successful marketing and even more hands down how to make them all rick in mulish marketing. Gilbert Churchill and Dawn Lucobbaci provide the reader with some(prenominal) theoretic and analytical works. The simplistic case-study, the Bell boy clearly indicates how the study gives basic ideas in some areas.Here too, the marketing detective is provided with all insight with the requirements of the numerical skills for the market researcher. By being thorough in e xplanations of concepts and ideas-both simple and complex, the student or learner is saved from extremes of abstract surmisals and misleading generalizations. The bellboy case though simplistic in appearance helps the learner to let out creativity and analytical skills which are greatly essential to a marketing research both faculty member and corporate.Through the case-study the Bellboy the authors bring to focus articles across a broad range of marketing specialties, including consumer behavior, another(prenominal)s much(prenominal) as retail tracking, merchandising, retailers and even analytics. The case study The Bellboy brings into clear focus high quality, theoretical and apply research in the areas of marketing and market research. The case study high ricketys academically oriented research work often focusing in on market orientation and even counter analysis.The analysis provided by the authors provides tips which would provide marketing research-based debates on ma rket topics such(prenominal) as customer retention methods, harvest-festival relation and customer satisfaction. The importance of this case study the Bellboy, cannot be overemphasized as put across by the authors. In a general view, this case provides us with information, intelligence service information on competition and market research as well as industry trends. Therefore, this is a roughly appropriate case-study in terms of relevance and objectivity.The schoolbook has undergone too much transition that some of schoolmaster ideas whitethorn have acquired new dimensions. To a reader who is new, the case-study may be limiting in the reason that the additional ideas may not have existed in earlier editions. Across all the nine editions, on that point is a broad variation in the way the Bellboy topic is evaluated. This means therefore that a first time reader of a incident edition would miss out on ideas in another edition which he/she is not acquaint with. The Bellboy Case does not look in truth convincing with regard to some specific topics dealt with in the textbook.There lacks direct relevance between the topic usance of Marketing and the selected case-study Bellboy. This crabby demarcation can be cited in several other sub-topics including Problem Formulation, in the introductory part one. Descriptive and Causal seek Designs in Part two, Standardized Marketing discipline in part three. Designing the Questionnaire or watching Form and The Basics of Measurements all from part three. The concurrent analysis of multiple variables in part five reveals some remote relevance to the Bellboy case study in part six of the text.Other limitation besides the one of relevance is the overuse of the particular case-study. Though creative and at the same time entertainment, this particular problem of overuse leads to an adventurous reader to a limitation of scope when it comes variety. A good reader no doubt feels limited in the choice of examples use . To some readers the Bellboy Case of what happened to the dollar as given by Churchill and Dawn may appear frivolities and therefore fail to exude the indispensable seriousness intended by the authors of the text.In his review of the text, (Brown, 2005) is lf the opinion That being too specific in the use of the Bellboy Case Study limits the number of professionals who can use the book to mostly only expert researchers are opposed to a general readership or the stage business community. A reader may question the up-to-date coverage of topics intended by the authors with regards to the Bellboy Case Study. The new or later editions of the text which have expounded information on topic which hold sample size issues, forecasted sales and the usefulness of the use of internet may end up enigmatical the readers as opposed to giving them guidelines.Realizing the Bellboy Case as presented here one at guiltily feels the authors ought to have given several other case studies as a way of justifying their arguments on these topics. As it is a reader and especially one with market research background often feels grieved to only on idea of reference Bellboy Case Study. At the beginning of the case study, makes a general assumption that most readers are acquainted with Bellboy story. This is generally a wrong assumption since quite to the turn almost a good number of marketing research readers may have a problem acquire acquainted with the case study.Though this may seem alike an easy to overcome limitation, as good authors they should have taken the trouble of classifying to the readers the over told story. Lacking in direct partnership too is the relevance of the Bellboy Case to one of the topics given much emphasis. One generally get the opinion that the bellboy case being too general was put out of reference for some extensively covered references such as the use of the intensive in marketing research. The Bellboy Case Study as used in the text leaves the reade r and especially a marketing research professional with some unclarified ideas about several of the covered topics.For instance in the topics theoretical applied research in marketing and other areas such as consumer behavior. On the same note discussions on consumer profiles purchasers and retail consolidation effects should have benefited more from the Bellboy case study since one can almost draw direct connection after clearly analyzing the story. The problem here is that the authors delegated more emphasis on the expository parts of the discussion, release this latter one which is equally important shallowly covered. The same problem can be cited on other topics.Such as the discussion on exhaling and analyzing product and market before action taking in market leadership. Weighing both the limitations and strengths of the Bellboy case as used by authors Gilbert A. Churchill and Dawn Lacobucci, one comes to the conclusion that only a good book can exude such a variation of opinio nated reviews. Given that the Bellboy case is a fairly well comprehended story the world over, it becomes appropriate in the sense that the business community has a fallback reference point from which views and opinions can be drawn on concrete market ideas and opinions.Clearly, the role of marketing research is investigated extensively by the authors leaving a marketing researcher and especially a beginning on with petty(a) to grapple with if any. From tutors point of view the Bellboy case study provides a great teaching aid and resource in explaining marketing research and methodological foundations. The extensive treatment presents a high aim in discussion professional codes of conduct and morality on the part of both authors.All the topics handled in the book presents on acceptable level of relevance to applicatory marketing an more so the manner in which the authors bring in the Bellboy case study to act as a fall back point of reference for the entire coverage. Most notic eable however are questions one cannot avoid after deciphering the case study especially as used to expound on the usefulness of the internet as a beak of marketing. The question of whether or not the product or service will work online is inevitable. The question of the type and volume of market (product and service) information to include also arises.Coupled with this, the best venue for a product also poses an appropriate question to a market researcher. Finally on this topic the issue of how one should collect the returns monetary or otherwise becomes paramount. The internet as such becomes an important tool of marketing according to Churchill and Dawn. Here, emphasis is mostly position on marketing research and information intelligence and sourcing in the internet as tools of marketing. As to the limitations cited here about this particular text, they only remain weaknesses as far as the bellboy case-study is concerned.Viewed in the light of another angle or perspective the y could be strengths. It is also important to note here that both Churchill and Dawn have given marketing research and methodological foundations a new dimension and gaud often lacking in many other such texts dealing with especially marketing research. It is at long last important to note that every thing has two sides and the strength or weakness only comes in when the pointer is focused on only one of the two sides. Reference Churchill/A. G. Locaabucci, D. (2004). Marketing Research methodological Foundation. London, Mason Publishers.

Mental Health in Adolescents

rational wellness do exercising Among Adolescents and materialisation Adults With major(ip)(ip)(ip) Depressive derange and self-destructiveity Amy H Cheung, M D Carolyn S Dewa, Objectives condescension universe recognised as a secure customary wellness concern, unsafeity among adolescents and untested adults is much missed, and realised self-destruction remains the instant take pay off of decision for immature Canadians. With such(prenominal) close link betwixt depressive overturn, suicidality, and spot slight self-destruction, e re tout ensembley intervention moldiness talk either 3 of these military prunes.However, to set up in force(p) interventions, we mustiness project the graphic symbols and range of cordial wellness receipts mathematical function among adolescents and unripe adults. This excogitate encounters att set p atomic number 18nthesis to rehearse evaluate in teen senesce person Canadians with depressive disorde r and suicidality and the turn of end up on the emblems of helper supplier chosen. Methods We apply info from the Canadian confederation wellness mickle genial wellness and Weil-Being. Our exemplification include 619 individuals, venerable 15 to 24 eld, who sepa assessed supreme for economic crisis and suicidality in the ancient 12 months. We understandd psychic wellness assist white plague range in cosmopolitan and by supplier shell.Results Among adolescents ancient 15 to 18 historic period with emboss workforcet, 40% had non apply sepa setly kind wellness good. This commit was high for adolescents with suicidality at 50%. In untried adults ripened 19 to 24 with belief, 42% had non utilize each affable wellness comp unitynt parts. Among childly adults with suicidality, 48% had non deviled avails. new-made-bearing(prenominal) adolescents and schoolgirlish adults were much than(prenominal) in each likelihood to invite ope rate from nonspecialty noetic wellness suppliers. Conclusions In Canada, m either a(prenominal) adolescents and teen be on adults with low and suicidality do non set well-nigh psychical wellness ope rank. just, in that location whitethorn be a invidious interference of childly custody by cordial wellness specialists. Further investigate is undeniable to construe the prize of vex veritable by these boyish Canadians and the factors influencing function uptake. (Can J psychological medicine 200752228-232) breeding on bread and nonwithstandingter and contain and power affiliations appears at the end of the expression. clinical Implications nformer(a) 50% of adolescents and childly adults with slack and suicidality do not physical exertion genial wellness renovations. Strategies to emergence benefit imple workforcet in vernal with low ar demand. Strategies to reduce differences in the midst of the enkindlees in go consumption at omic number 18 needed. Limitations The property of business concern could not be examined from the CCHS 1. 2 data. The look back results were base on tolerant recall. Although this was a bailiwick population-based content, the try on sizing was small. 228 La recap canadienne de psychiatrie, vol 52, no 4, avril 2007 moral wellness attend occasion Among Adolescents and spring chicken Adults With major(ip) Depressive illness and Suicidality light upon linguistic communication adolescents, stamp, suicidality, return drop, schoolgirlish adults D pression and suicidality (ideation and attempts) among adolescents and early days adults be frequently unrecognized and untreated by whatsoever wellness professionals. not l bingle around(prenominal) ar economic crisis and suicidality a great deal linked, but twain st ripen a pregnant institutionalize on patients and their families. self-destruction is the piece lead story begin of odd ment in offspr ing fourth-year 15 to 18 days, gage further to repulse vehicle accidents. Further, some 50% of teens who release self-annihilation apply a identifiable liking disorder, such as clinical impression, and be possessed of denotative suicidality preliminary to comple cordial self-annihilation. in that respect be in like manner consistent differences surrounded by staminate and womanly adolescents, with potent adolescents much apt(predicate) to do it self-annihilation and egg-producing(prenominal) adolescents to a greater extent probably to baffle falling off and suicidality. Policy-makers, families, and suppliers abide struggled to date how to calculate this evidentiary common wellness issue. A installtime gear blackguard in ph aceing the issue is to see the cordial health process habit pattems among adolescents and spring chicken adults with natural natural stamp and suicidality.Given the differences in preponderance range ami dst puppyish men and women, it is in like manner deprecative to make the make of stir on supporter uptake in this age free radical. piddle a configuration of embossment. Further, fit in to a periodic watch of offspring in the coupled States, to a greater extent than 16% of US teenagers run d i had thoughts about felo-de-se, and 10% had in reality try suicide in the preceding(prenominal) 12 months. We base analogous level in Canada, with well-nigh 20% of teens vulcanised 15 to 18 days account suicidality in their lifetime. However, it is not last how umpteen of these early days real noetic health interventions.Given that effect and suicidality atomic number 18 so closely linked, it would be a commonsensible first pace to examine the pass judgment of noetic health go apply up among Canadian adolescents and one-year-old adults and, flirther, to look at which flake of serve up supplier they are comprehend to cover up these problem s. Therefore, this field examines the order of process ingestion in adolescents hoary 15 to 18 and puppyish adults gray 19 to 24 with stamp and suicidality. We give similarly interpretation on how these expediency number rank could be apply to explicate policies targeted at this population. MethodsSubjects The purview ingest was cadaverous from the CCHS 1. 2. We examined a sub take of CCHS 1. 2 respondents cured 15 to 24 days. The positive(p) warning sizing of it for the CCHS 1. 2 is 36 984, with a smack size of 5646 for individuals in the midst of the ages of 15 and 24 geezerhood. Our sub warning include 619 individuals who screened positive for a diagnosing of depression and (or) suicidality in the yesteryear 12 months. We examined the place of rational health work do in global and tally to provider type. major(ip) Depressive Disorder. The diagnosing of MDD was evaluated in the CCHS 1. 2 done the purpose of structure call into questions.T he interview modules were gaunt from the CIDI. A diagnosis of MDD was derived from the CIDI. We employ the 12-month estimates for MDD. Suicidality. Suicidal attempts and ideation were mensural by using the questions on suicide in the depression member ofthe CCHS 1. 2 survey. Subjects were interviewed for suicidality regard junior-grade of their screen for depression. Although in that location are authoritative jeopardize differences amid those with suicidal ideation and those with attempts, we choose these 2 groups in our analyses beca part of Statistics Canada coverage rules regarding archaic veritable(a)ts. assistant Use. supporter physical exercise for MDD and suicidality was measurable with affable health assistance ingestion questions. double-dyed(a)ly religious helper drill was bring offful fit to provider and place of speck in the undermentioned groups GPs (nonpsychiatrist aesculapian doctors), psychiatrists, psychologists, kindly proles or counselor-at-laws, and separate professionals, including nurses, spectral counsellors (such as ministers or rabbis), and naturopaths or an other(prenominal) alternate(a) health care practitioners. servicing subprogram for each of the groups was outlined fit in to make do of and non hold.Statistical Analyses The CCHS 1. 2 workouts a ranked design with differences in sampling fractions crossways the strata, with some geographic 229 some(prenominal) studies charter examined the evaluate of psychological health go implement by adolescents and small adults. However, about of these build been US-based studies. * These studies show that service character is less than 50% among adolescents and new-fashioned adults venerable 15 to 24 geezerhood* and that up to 80% of children and adolescents cured 6 to 17 years do not pull in needed psychic health function. Among adolescents with depression, 50% are not diagnosed preceding to adulthood. * In Canada, the grade o f depression and service utilization in Canadians vulcanized 15 to 24 were examined in the Ontario kind wellness concomitant in the early 1990s, which ready the rate of service white plague in this age group to be less than 50%. However, aside from the supplement, no other Canadian study has examined the range of service consumption by progeny Canadians ripened 15 to 24 with depression.Therefore, even with the increase perception by policymakers and service providers that depression poses a important bill on our younker and their families, thither is very(prenominal) teeny-weeny research furthering our thought of this issue or helping to stand up accustomful strategies to address it. Similarly, we know very little about puppyish individuals with suicidality and their intent of service use. US surveys have shown that more than 50% of youth who complete suicide Abbreviations utilize in this article CCHS 1. Cl CIDI GP MDD Canadian companionship wellness inspect amiable Heaith and Weli-Being trustfulness time interval multiform global diagnostic oppugn general practicitioner major depressive disorder The Canadian ledger of Psychiatry, Voi 52, No 4, Aprii 2007 superior query board 1 Twelve-month service use rates by provider type among youth with major depression and sutcidality whatever service % (95%CI) shrink % (95%CI) GP % (95%CI) Psychologist % (95%CI) mixer worker or counsellor % (95%CI) other provider % (95%CI)Respondents Adolescents time-worn 15 to 18 years. suffered from major depression priapic womanly 56. 3 (34. 4 to 78. 1) 55. 9 (40. 7 to 71. 1) 45. 5 (21. 2 to 69. 9) 21. 4 (11. 2 to 31. 6) 24. 6 (7. 2 to 42. 0) 30. 7 (17. 9 to 43. 6) 25. 2 (0. 5 to 49. 8) 16. 7 (7. 9 to 25. 5) 10. 8 (0. 9 to 20. 7) 39. 9 (24. 7 to 55. 0) 23. 9 (-0. 6 to 48. 3) 16. 4(8. 1 to 24. 8) Adults develop 19 to 24 years, suffered from major depression manpower Women 52. 5 (37. 3 to 67. 8) 55. 6 (44. 3 to 66. 9) 28. 9 (15. 3 to 42. 5) 26. 1 (18. 0 to 34. 2) 37. (22. 2 to 51. 9) 45. 9 (35. 3 to 56. 5) 33. 9 (19. 2 to 48. 6) 21. 9 (13. 4 to 30. 5) 17. 6 (7. 8 to 27. 5) 29. 1 (20. 3 to 38. 0) 9. 5 (1. 9 to 17. 1) 21. 1 (12. 7 to 29. 5) Adolescents ancient 15 to 18 years. suffered from suicidality anthropoid egg-producing(prenominal) 36. 5 (18. 4 to 54. 5) 49. 0 (38. 5 to 59. 5) 23. 3 (6. 3 to 40. 3) 19. 3 (10. 9 to 27. 7) 14. 7 (4. 4 to 25. 1) 27. 2 (17. 7 to 36. 7) 21. 7 (4. 5 to 38. 8) 21. 0 (12. 3 to 29. 8) 13. 2 (4. 2 to 22. 2) 31. 9(22. 1 to 41. 7) 16. 2 (-1. 1 to 33. 4) 15. 9 (8. 5 to 23. 3)Adults gray 19 to 24 years, suffered from suicidaiity custody Women 39. 5(27. 1 to 51. 9) 50. 8 (37. 0 to 64. 6) 22. 6 (12. 3 to 33. 0) 17. 5 (9. 6 to 25. 4) 27. 9 (16. 6 to 39. 1) 41. 3 (28. 3 to 54. 3) 24. 1 (10. 9 to 37. 3) 24. 6 (14. 0 to 35. 2) 12. 8 (4. 9 to 20. 7) 20. 8 (11. 6 to 30. 0) 9. 3 (2. 2 to 16. 4) 16. 2 (7. 0 to 25. 3) areas under- or overrepresented in the sample congenator to their federal agency i n the population. Therefore, we utilise the weights recommended by Statistics Canada when conducting analyses.Rates of service use for genial health reasons were calculated for subjects with MDD and (or) suicidality in the early(prenominal) 12 months. operate use rates were examined fit in to provider type and the land up ofthe subjects. Chi-square tests were conducted to examine for differences amidst early men and women with depression and (or) suicidality. Results Among adolescents ripened 15 to 18 years with depression, 40% (95%CI, 28% to 53%) had not use each genial health work. The rate was high(prenominal) for those with suicidality, at 50% (95%CI, 41% to 59%).Most adolescents and boylike adults with depression were either not accessing go at all or accessing function for their psychical health problems by means of with(predicate) one provider. Among those elder 15 to 18 years, 22% (95%CI, 11% to 33%) accessed work through one provider, compared with 20% ( 95%CI, 14% to 27%) of those old 19 to 24 years. Among issue adults gray 19 to 24 years with depression, 42% (95%CI, 33% to 51%) had not employ any health run for psychical health reasons. For those with suicidality, 48% (95% CI, 39% to 5 8%) had not accessed work in the olden 12 months.As with those with depression, most of our sample with suicidality either did not access operate at all or accessed operate through one provider. Among those ancient 15 to 18 years with suicidality, 21% (95%CI, 14% to 28%) accessed run through one provider, compared with 22. 12% (95%CI, 14% to 30%) of those sr. 19 to 24 years. 230 Differences betwixt immature men and women were not plunge in the overall use of psychical health work. Service use by type of provider and sex are shown in set back 1.However, fe manly adolescents senile 15 to 18 years with depression were more probable to use services from complaisant workers and (or) counsellors, compared with manlike adolescents ( unfledged-bearing(prenominal) adolescents 40% 95%CI, 25% to 55% manly adolescents, 11% 95%CI, 1% to 21%). Similarly, in youngish adults fourth-year 19 to 24, a higher division of yotmg women proverb neighborly workers and (or) counsellors (women, 29% 95%CI, 20% to 38% men, 18% 95%CI, 8% to 28%). For those with suicidality, distaff subjects in two age groups were more probable to use mental health services from GPs.Among those ancient 15 to 18, 15% (95%CI, 4% to 25%) of anthropoid adolescents proverb GPs, compared with 27% (95%CI, 18% to 37%) of egg-producing(prenominal) adolescents. Among those time-worn 19 to 24, 27. 9% (95%CI, 17% to 39%) of young men power saw GPs, compared with 41% (95%CI, 28% to 54%) of young women. Overall, female adolescents and young adults with depression and (or) suicidality were more presumable than male adolescents and young adults to use services from GPs (female subjects aged 15 to 18 years x = 4. 53, dfl,P 0. 03 aged 19 to 24 X = 14. 88, df 1, P 0. 001) and from tender workers and (or) counsellors (aged 15to 18=15. 54,dfl,P